Research pillar

Research library

158 papers we have read and graded, each with a plain-language summary, sample size and limits. Every DOI checked against Crossref.

Grades: A large trials or consistent meta-analyses; B good evidence with limits; C small or indirect; D animal, mechanistic or anecdotal.

Important: No person, company, program or podcast named here endorses or is affiliated with Everstack. This is a research section: it does not sell or link to products.

Human skeletal muscle, electron micrograph: paired mitochondria sit beside each Z-line

Research library

Image: Louisa Howard, Dartmouth Electron Microscope Facility, Public domain

Creatine

A
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine
R Kreider et al., Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2017 · Position stand, Review
A
Effect of creatine supplementation during resistance training on lean tissue mass and muscular strength in older adults: a meta-analysis
P Chilibeck et al., Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 2017 · Meta-analysis, 22 RCTs, 721 older adults
C
Effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function of healthy individuals: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
K Avgerinos et al., Experimental Gerontology, 2018 · Systematic review, 6 RCTs, 281 people
B
Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?
J Antonio et al., Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2021 · Review, Review
B
Effects of creatine supplementation on memory in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
K Prokopidis et al., Nutrition Reviews, 2023 · Meta-analysis, 10 RCTs

Omega-3

A
Marine n−3 Fatty Acids and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer
J Manson et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 2019 · RCT, 25,871 adults
B
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction with Icosapent Ethyl for Hypertriglyceridemia
D Bhatt et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 2019 · RCT, 8,179 patients
A
Effect of High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids vs Corn Oil on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk
S Nicholls et al., JAMA, 2020 · RCT, 13,078 patients
C
The Omega-3 Index: a new risk factor for death from coronary heart disease?
W Harris et al., Preventive Medicine, 2004 · Biomarker proposal, Pooled data
A
Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
A Abdelhamid et al., Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2020 · Cochrane meta-analysis, 86 RCTs, 162,796 people
A
Effects of n−3 Fatty Acid Supplements in Diabetes Mellitus
The ASCEND Study Collaborative Group et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 2018 · RCT, 15,480 adults with diabetes
A
Effect of Long-Term Marine ɷ-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Randomized Controlled Trials of Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
B Gencer et al., Circulation, 2021 · Meta-analysis, 7 RCTs, 81,210 people
B
Blood n-3 fatty acid levels and total and cause-specific mortality from 17 prospective studies
W Harris et al., Nature Communications, 2021 · Pooled cohorts, 17 cohorts, 42,466 people
B
Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial
et al., The Lancet, 1999 · RCT, 11,324 post-heart attack patients
A
Marine Omega‐3 Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease: An Updated Meta‐Analysis of 13 Randomized Controlled Trials Involving 127 477 Participants
Y Hu et al., Journal of the American Heart Association, 2019 · Meta-analysis, 13 RCTs, 127,477 people

Vitamin D

A
Vitamin D Supplements and Prevention of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease
J Manson et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 2019 · RCT, 25,871 adults
A
Supplemental Vitamin D and Incident Fractures in Midlife and Older Adults
M LeBoff et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 2022 · RCT, 25,871 adults
A
The D-Health Trial: a randomised controlled trial of the effect of vitamin D on mortality
R Neale et al., The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2022 · RCT, 21,315 adults
A
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation, Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation, or a Strength-Training Exercise Program on Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults
H Bischoff-Ferrari et al., JAMA, 2020 · RCT, 2,157 adults 70+
B
Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data
A Martineau et al., BMJ, 2017 · IPD meta-analysis, 25 RCTs, 10,933 people
A
Vitamin D Supplementation and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes
A Pittas et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 2019 · RCT, 2,423 adults with prediabetes
A
Effects of vitamin D supplementation on musculoskeletal health: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis
M Bolland et al., The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2018 · Meta-analysis, 81 RCTs, 53,537 people
B
Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial
J Hahn et al., BMJ, 2022 · RCT, 25,871 adults
B
Vitamin D supplementation and total cancer incidence and mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
N Keum et al., Annals of Oncology, 2019 · Meta-analysis, 10 RCTs
B
Monthly High-Dose Vitamin D Treatment for the Prevention of Functional Decline
H Bischoff-Ferrari et al., JAMA Internal Medicine, 2016 · RCT, 200 adults 70+

Magnesium

C
Oral magnesium supplementation for insomnia in older adults: a Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis
J Mah et al., BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 2021 · Meta-analysis, 3 RCTs, 151 older adults
C
The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Subjective Anxiety and Stress-A Systematic Review
N Boyle et al., Nutrients, 2017 · Systematic review, 18 studies
B
Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Blood Pressure
X Zhang et al., Hypertension, 2016 · Meta-analysis, 34 RCTs, 2,028 people

Sleep

C
Glycine ingestion improves subjective sleep quality in human volunteers, correlating with polysomnographic changes
W YAMADERA et al., Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 2007 · RCT (crossover), Small sample
C
Effects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
S Hidese et al., Nutrients, 2019 · RCT, 30 adults
B
Meta-Analysis: Melatonin for the Treatment of Primary Sleep Disorders
E Ferracioli-Oda et al., PLoS ONE, 2013 · Meta-analysis, 19 RCTs, 1,683 people
B
Recommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult: A Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society
N Watson et al., SLEEP, 2015 · Consensus statement, Expert panel
B
Sleep Duration and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
F Cappuccio et al., Sleep, 2010 · Meta-analysis of cohorts, 1.38 million people
C
High glycemic index and glycemic load diets as risk factors for insomnia: analyses from the Women’s Health Initiative
J Gangwisch et al., The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2020 · Cohort, 53,069 women

Protein

A
A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults
R Morton et al., British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2018 · Meta-analysis, 49 RCTs, 1,863 people
B
Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group
J Bauer et al., Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2013 · Consensus statement, Expert panel
B
International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise
R Jäger et al., Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2017 · Position stand, Review

NAD+ (NR, NMN)

C
Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults
C Martens et al., Nature Communications, 2018 · RCT (crossover), 24 adults 55-79
B
A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of nicotinamide riboside in obese men: safety, insulin-sensitivity, and lipid-mobilizing effects
O Dollerup et al., The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2018 · RCT, 40 obese men
C
Nicotinamide Riboside Augments the Aged Human Skeletal Muscle NAD+ Metabolome and Induces Transcriptomic and Anti-inflammatory Signatures
Y Elhassan et al., Cell Reports, 2019 · RCT, 12 older men
C
Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women
M Yoshino et al., Science, 2021 · RCT, 25 women with prediabetes
D
Effect of oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide on clinical parameters and nicotinamide metabolite levels in healthy Japanese men
J Irie et al., Endocrine Journal, 2020 · Clinical study, 10 men
C
Nicotinamide riboside is uniquely and orally bioavailable in mice and humans
S Trammell et al., Nature Communications, 2016 · Pharmacokinetic study, Mice and 12 humans
D
Discoveries of Nicotinamide Riboside as a Nutrient and Conserved NRK Genes Establish a Preiss-Handler Independent Route to NAD+ in Fungi and Humans
P Bieganowski et al., Cell, 2004 · Mechanistic study, Yeast and human enzymes
C
Nicotinamide riboside supplementation alters body composition and skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine concentrations in healthy obese humans
C Remie et al., The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2020 · RCT (crossover), 13 overweight adults
C
The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial
L Yi et al., GeroScience, 2023 · RCT, 80 adults
C
The NADPARK study: A randomized phase I trial of nicotinamide riboside supplementation in Parkinson’s disease
B Brakedal et al., Cell Metabolism, 2022 · RCT (phase 1), 30 people with Parkinson's

Resveratrol and sirtuins

D
Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan
K Howitz et al., Nature, 2003 · Mechanistic and yeast study, Lab study
D
Substrate-specific Activation of Sirtuins by Resveratrol
M Kaeberlein et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2005 · Mechanistic and yeast study, Lab study
D
SRT1720, SRT2183, SRT1460, and Resveratrol Are Not Direct Activators of SIRT1
M Pacholec et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2010 · Mechanistic study, Lab and mice
D
Evidence for a Common Mechanism of SIRT1 Regulation by Allosteric Activators
B Hubbard et al., Science, 2013 · Mechanistic study, Lab and cells
D
Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet
J Baur et al., Nature, 2006 · Animal study, Mice
D
Resveratrol Delays Age-Related Deterioration and Mimics Transcriptional Aspects of Dietary Restriction without Extending Life Span
K Pearson et al., Cell Metabolism, 2008 · Animal study, Mice
C
Resveratrol Levels and All-Cause Mortality in Older Community-Dwelling Adults
R Semba et al., JAMA Internal Medicine, 2014 · Cohort, 783 older adults

Rapamycin

C
Rapamycin, But Not Resveratrol or Simvastatin, Extends Life Span of Genetically Heterogeneous Mice
R Miller et al., The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 2011 · Animal study (ITP), Diverse mice, 3 sites
B
Rapamycin fed late in life extends lifespan in genetically heterogeneous mice
D Harrison et al., Nature, 2009 · Animal study (ITP), Diverse mice, 3 sites
C
mTOR inhibition improves immune function in the elderly
J Mannick et al., Science Translational Medicine, 2014 · RCT, 218 older adults
C
TORC1 inhibition enhances immune function and reduces infections in the elderly
J Mannick et al., Science Translational Medicine, 2018 · RCT, 264 older adults
C
Influence of rapamycin on safety and healthspan metrics after one year: PEARL trial results
M Moel et al., Aging, 2025 · RCT, 114 adults 50-85

Metformin

D
Metformin as a Tool to Target Aging
N Barzilai et al., Cell Metabolism, 2016 · Perspective, Proposal
C
Can people with type 2 diabetes live longer than those without? A comparison of mortality in people initiated with metformin or sulphonylurea monotherapy and matched, non‐diabetic controls
C Bannister et al., Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2014 · Retrospective cohort, 180,926 people

Fasting and calorie restriction

C
Fasting-mimicking diet and markers/risk factors for aging, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease
M Wei et al., Science Translational Medicine, 2017 · RCT (crossover), 100 adults
B
2 years of calorie restriction and cardiometabolic risk (CALERIE): exploratory outcomes of a multicentre, phase 2, randomised controlled trial
W Kraus et al., The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2019 · RCT, 218 adults
C
Effect of long-term caloric restriction on DNA methylation measures of biological aging in healthy adults from the CALERIE trial
R Waziry et al., Nature Aging, 2023 · RCT secondary analysis, CALERIE participants
A
Calorie Restriction with or without Time-Restricted Eating in Weight Loss
D Liu et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 2022 · RCT, 139 adults with obesity
B
Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Weight Loss and Other Metabolic Parameters in Women and Men With Overweight and Obesity
D Lowe et al., JAMA Internal Medicine, 2020 · RCT, 116 adults

Exercise and fitness

B
Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Long-term Mortality Among Adults Undergoing Exercise Treadmill Testing
K Mandsager et al., JAMA Network Open, 2018 · Cohort, 122,007 adults
B
Daily steps and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of 15 international cohorts
A Paluch et al., The Lancet Public Health, 2022 · Meta-analysis of cohorts, 15 cohorts, 47,471 adults
B
Muscle-strengthening activities are associated with lower risk and mortality in major non-communicable diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
H Momma et al., British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2022 · Meta-analysis, 16 cohorts
B
Leisure Time Physical Activity and Mortality
H Arem et al., JAMA Internal Medicine, 2015 · Pooled cohorts, 661,137 adults
B
Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Quantitative Predictor of All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Healthy Men and Women
S Kodama et al., JAMA, 2009 · Meta-analysis, 33 studies, 102,980 people
B
Prognostic value of grip strength: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study
D Leong et al., The Lancet, 2015 · Cohort, 139,691 adults, 17 countries
A
Resistance exercise for muscular strength in older adults: A meta-analysis
M Peterson et al., Ageing Research Reviews, 2010 · Meta-analysis, 47 studies, 1,079 older adults
A
Effect of exercise for depression: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
M Noetel et al., BMJ, 2024 · Network meta-analysis, 218 RCTs, 14,170 people

Diet

A
Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts
R Estruch et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 2018 · RCT, 7,447 adults at high risk
B
Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
A Afshin et al., The Lancet, 2019 · Global analysis, 195 countries
C
Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study
M Dehghan et al., The Lancet, 2017 · Cohort, 135,335 adults, 18 countries

Multivitamins

B
Effects of cocoa extract and a multivitamin on cognitive function: A randomized clinical trial
L Baker et al., Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2023 · RCT, 2,262 older adults
B
Multivitamin Supplementation Improves Memory in Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial
L Yeung et al., The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2023 · RCT, 3,562 older adults
A
Vitamin, Mineral, and Multivitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer
US Preventive Services Task Force et al., JAMA, 2022 · Guideline, Evidence review
B
Multivitamin Use and Mortality Risk in 3 Prospective US Cohorts
E Loftfield et al., JAMA Network Open, 2024 · Pooled cohorts, 390,124 adults
B
Multivitamins in the Prevention of Cancer in Men
J Gaziano et al., JAMA, 2012 · RCT, 14,641 male physicians

Antioxidants

A
Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases
G Bjelakovic et al., Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2012 · Cochrane meta-analysis, 78 RCTs, 296,707 people
A
The Effect of Vitamin E and Beta Carotene on the Incidence of Lung Cancer and Other Cancers in Male Smokers
et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 1994 · RCT, 29,133 male smokers
A
Vitamin E and the Risk of Prostate Cancer
E Klein et al., JAMA, 2011 · RCT, 35,533 men

Longevity compounds

D
Taurine deficiency as a driver of aging
P Singh et al., Science, 2023 · Animal and cohort study, Worms, mice, monkeys, humans
D
Cardioprotection and lifespan extension by the natural polyamine spermidine
T Eisenberg et al., Nature Medicine, 2016 · Animal and cohort study, Mice and human cohort
C
The mitophagy activator urolithin A is safe and induces a molecular signature of improved mitochondrial and cellular health in humans
P Andreux et al., Nature Metabolism, 2019 · RCT, 60 older adults
C
Effect of Urolithin A Supplementation on Muscle Endurance and Mitochondrial Health in Older Adults
S Liu et al., JAMA Network Open, 2022 · RCT, 66 older adults
D
Alpha-Ketoglutarate, an Endogenous Metabolite, Extends Lifespan and Compresses Morbidity in Aging Mice
A Asadi Shahmirzadi et al., Cell Metabolism, 2020 · Animal study, Mice
C
Supplementing Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Older Adults Improves Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Physical Function, and Aging Hallmarks: A Randomized Clinical Trial
P Kumar et al., The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 2023 · RCT, 24 older adults

Epigenetic clocks

B
DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types
S Horvath et al., Genome Biology, 2013 · Methods study, 8,000 samples
B
An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan
M Levine et al., Aging, 2018 · Methods study, Multiple cohorts
B
DunedinPACE, a DNA methylation biomarker of the pace of aging
D Belsky et al., eLife, 2022 · Methods study, Multiple cohorts
D
Reversal of epigenetic aging and immunosenescent trends in humans
G Fahy et al., Aging Cell, 2019 · Pilot trial, 9 men
C
Individual and additive effects of vitamin D, omega-3 and exercise on DNA methylation clocks of biological aging in older adults from the DO-HEALTH trial
H Bischoff-Ferrari et al., Nature Aging, 2025 · RCT secondary analysis, 777 adults 70+

Senolytics

D
Senolytics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Results from a first-in-human, open-label, pilot study
J Justice et al., EBioMedicine, 2019 · Pilot trial, 14 patients with IPF
D
Senolytics improve physical function and increase lifespan in old age
M Xu et al., Nature Medicine, 2018 · Animal study, Mice

GLP-1 drugs

A
Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes
A Lincoff et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 2023 · RCT, 17,604 adults
A
Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide 14 mg (flexible dose) in early-stage symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (evoke and evoke+): two phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled trials
J Cummings et al., The Lancet, 2026 · RCT (2 phase 3 trials), 3,808 people
D
Semaglutide slows epigenetic aging in a randomized trial of HIV-associated lipohypertrophy
M Corley et al., Nature Communications, 2026 · RCT post hoc analysis, Small HIV cohort

Reprogramming

D
In Vivo Amelioration of Age-Associated Hallmarks by Partial Reprogramming
A Ocampo et al., Cell, 2016 · Animal study, Mice
D
Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision
Y Lu et al., Nature, 2020 · Animal study, Mice
D
Loss of epigenetic information as a cause of mammalian aging
J Yang et al., Cell, 2023 · Animal study, Mice

Immunity

A
Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold
H Hemilä et al., Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013 · Cochrane review, 29 RCTs, 11,306
A
Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregate data from randomised controlled trials
D Jolliffe et al., The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2021 · Meta-analysis of RCTs, 43 RCTs, 48,488
A
Effect of a test-and-treat approach to vitamin D supplementation on risk of all cause acute respiratory tract infection and covid-19: phase 3 randomised controlled trial (CORONAVIT)
D Jolliffe et al., BMJ, 2022 · RCT, 6,200
B
Zinc for the common cold
M Singh et al., Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013 · Cochrane review, 18 RCTs
B
Zinc lozenges and the common cold: a meta-analysis comparing zinc acetate and zinc gluconate, and the role of zinc dosage
H Hemilä et al., JRSM Open, 2017 · Meta-analysis of RCTs, 7 RCTs
B
Zinc for prevention and treatment of the common cold
D Nault et al., Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2024 · Cochrane review, 34 RCTs
D
Zinc-induced copper deficiency
H Hoffman et al., Gastroenterology, 1988 · Case report, Case
C
Attenuation of influenza-like symptomatology and improvement of cell-mediated immunity with long-term N-acetylcysteine treatment
S De Flora et al., European Respiratory Journal, 1997 · RCT, 262
B
Influence of N -acetylcysteine on chronic bronchitis or COPD exacerbations: a meta-analysis
M Cazzola et al., European Respiratory Review, 2015 · Meta-analysis of RCTs, 13 studies, 4,155
C
Elderberry Supplementation Reduces Cold Duration and Symptoms in Air-Travellers: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
E Tiralongo et al., Nutrients, 2016 · RCT, 312
C
Elderberry for prevention and treatment of viral respiratory illnesses: a systematic review
L Wieland et al., BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 2021 · Systematic review, 5 RCTs
B
Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections
Y Zhao et al., Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2022 · Cochrane review, 23 RCTs, 6,950

Brain health

A
Effect of Long-term Supplementation With Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids vs Placebo on Risk of Depression or Clinically Relevant Depressive Symptoms and on Change in Mood Scores
O Okereke et al., JAMA, 2021 · RCT, 18,353
B
Efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs in depression: A meta-analysis
Y Liao et al., Translational Psychiatry, 2019 · Meta-analysis of RCTs, 26 RCTs, 2,160
B
Omega-3 fatty acids for depression in adults
K Appleton et al., Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2021 · Cochrane review, 35 RCTs, 1,920
B
Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia
M Burckhardt et al., Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016 · Cochrane review, 3 RCTs, 632
B
Beneficial effects of docosahexaenoic acid on cognition in age‐related cognitive decline
K Yurko‐Mauro et al., Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2010 · RCT, 485
A
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory
K Erickson et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011 · RCT, 120
B
A meta-analytic review of the effects of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor
K Szuhany et al., Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2015 · Meta-analysis, 29 studies
D
Sleep Drives Metabolite Clearance from the Adult Brain
L Xie et al., Science, 2013 · Animal study, Mice

Glycine and GlyNAC

C
The Effects of Glycine on Subjective Daytime Performance in Partially Sleep-Restricted Healthy Volunteers
M Bannai et al., Frontiers in Neurology, 2012 · RCT (crossover), 10
D
The Sleep-Promoting and Hypothermic Effects of Glycine are Mediated by NMDA Receptors in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
N Kawai et al., Neuropsychopharmacology, 2014 · Animal study, Rats
D
A weak link in metabolism: the metabolic capacity for glycine biosynthesis does not satisfy the need for collagen synthesis
E Meléndez-Hevia et al., Journal of Biosciences, 2009 · Metabolic analysis, Model
C
Glutathione Synthesis Is Diminished in Patients With Uncontrolled Diabetes and Restored by Dietary Supplementation With Cysteine and Glycine
R Sekhar et al., Diabetes Care, 2010 · Clinical study, ~20
D
Glycine and N‐acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) supplementation in older adults improves glutathione deficiency, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, genotoxicity, muscle strength, and cognition: Results of a pilot clinical trial
P Kumar et al., Clinical and Translational Medicine, 2021 · Open-label pilot, 8 older adults

Quercetin

B
Effects of supplementation with quercetin on plasma C-reactive protein concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
M Mohammadi-Sartang et al., European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2017 · Meta-analysis of RCTs, 7 RCTs
A
Influence of Quercetin Supplementation on Disease Risk Factors in Community-Dwelling Adults
A Knab et al., Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2011 · RCT, 1,002
A
Quercetin supplementation and upper respiratory tract infection: A randomized community clinical trial
S Heinz et al., Pharmacological Research, 2010 · RCT, 1,002
C
The Effect of Quercetin on Inflammatory Factors and Clinical Symptoms in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
F Javadi et al., Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2016 · RCT, 50 women with RA
C
Preventative Effect of a Flavonoid, Enzymatically Modified Isoquercitrin on Ocular Symptoms of Japanese Cedar Pollinosis
T Hirano et al., Allergology International, 2009 · RCT, 24
C
Improved Oral Absorption of Quercetin from Quercetin Phytosome®, a New Delivery System Based on Food Grade Lecithin
A Riva et al., European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 2018 · Pharmacokinetic RCT (crossover), 12
C
Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Quercetin Glycosides in Humans
E Graefe et al., The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2001 · Pharmacokinetic study, Healthy adults
B
Safety Aspects of the Use of Quercetin as a Dietary Supplement
S Andres et al., Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2017 · Safety review, Review
B
Short-term effect of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine, a substrate of P-glycoprotein, in healthy volunteers
K Kim et al., European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2009 · Pharmacokinetic RCT (crossover), 12
D
Enhanced Anticoagulant Effect of Warfarin When Co-administered With Quercetin
R Patel et al., Journal of Pharmacy Technology, 2022 · Case report, Case
D
Characterization of quercetin binding site on DNA gyrase
A Plaper et al., Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2003 · Biochemical study, Lab

Children's health (education)

A
Prevention of Rickets and Vitamin D Deficiency in Infants, Children, and Adolescents
C Wagner et al., Pediatrics, 2008 · Clinical report (AAP), Guidance
A
Diagnosis and Prevention of Iron Deficiency and Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Infants and Young Children (0–3 Years of Age)
R Baker et al., Pediatrics, 2010 · Clinical report (AAP), Guidance
A
Recommended Amount of Sleep for Pediatric Populations: A Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine
S Paruthi et al., Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 2016 · Consensus statement, Expert panel
B
Worldwide Secular Trends in Age at Pubertal Onset Assessed by Breast Development Among Girls
C Eckert-Lind et al., JAMA Pediatrics, 2020 · Meta-analysis, 30 studies
C
Growth hormone secretion during sleep
Y Takahashi et al., Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1968 · Physiology study, Adults
A
Omega-3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy
P Middleton et al., Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2018 · Cochrane review, 70 RCTs, 19,927
A
Effect of DHA Supplementation During Pregnancy on Maternal Depression and Neurodevelopment of Young Children
M Makrides et al., JAMA, 2010 · RCT, 2,399
B
Effect of inadequate iodine status in UK pregnant women on cognitive outcomes in their children: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)
S Bath et al., The Lancet, 2013 · Cohort, 1,040
A
Media and Young Minds
COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA et al., Pediatrics, 2016 · Policy statement (AAP), Guidance
B
Physical Activity, Fitness, Cognitive Function, and Academic Achievement in Children
J Donnelly et al., Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2016 · Position stand (ACSM), Review
A
Vaccines are not associated with autism: An evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies
L Taylor et al., Vaccine, 2014 · Meta-analysis, 1.26 million children

Other

C
Longer lifespan in male mice treated with a weakly estrogenic agonist, an antioxidant, an α‐glucosidase inhibitor or a Nrf2‐inducer
R Strong et al., Aging Cell, 2016 · Animal study (ITP), Diverse mice
C
An investigation into the stress-relieving and pharmacological actions of an ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract
A Lopresti et al., Medicine, 2019 · RCT, 60 adults
A
International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance
N Guest et al., Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2021 · Position stand, Review
B
Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis
M Bolland et al., BMJ, 2010 · Meta-analysis, 15 RCTs
B
Age-Related Clonal Hematopoiesis Associated with Adverse Outcomes
S Jaiswal et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 2014 · Cohort, 17,182 people
B
ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendations
C Kerksick et al., Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2018 · Review, Review
C
Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence
A Tardy et al., Nutrients, 2020 · Narrative review, Review